Clinical skills exam summary - APEX (thyroid, renal, haem, neuro)

Description

APEX Clinical Skills – Topic List Hyperthyroid Examination Hypothyroid Examination Renal Examination Haematology Examination Cranial Nerve Examination Eye Examination Ear Examination 1. Hyperthyroid Examination General inspection & vital signs Hands: tremor, sweating, palmar erythema, onycholysis Face & eyes: thyroid eye disease, lid retraction/lag Thyroid/neck examination Cervical lymph nodes Pemberton’s sign Proximal myopathy Reflexes & pretibial myxoedema 2. Hypothyroid Examination General inspection & vital signs Hands: cool/dry skin, brittle nails, carpal tunnel signs Face & eyes: periorbital oedema, eyebrow thinning Thyroid/neck examination Cervical lymph nodes Proximal myopathy Reflexes Peripheral/non-pitting oedema 3. Renal Examination General inspection & hydration status Hands & upper limbs: pallor, bruising, asterixis Face & eyes: pallor, oedema, uraemic features JVP & cardiovascular assessment Abdominal examination Kidneys & renal angle tenderness Renal/aortic bruits Fluid status & peripheral oedema Dialysis access/catheters Urinalysis & relevant completion examinations 4. Haematology Examination General inspection: pallor, jaundice & bruising Hands/nails: anaemia and haematological signs Arms: bruising, purpura & ecchymoses Face, eyes & mouth Lymph node examination Bony tenderness Abdominal examination Hepatomegaly & splenomegaly Lower limb examination Signs of bleeding, anaemia & lymphoproliferative disease 5. Cranial Nerve Examination General inspection CN I – olfaction CN II – visual acuity, fields & fundoscopy CN III, IV & VI – pupils and eye movements CN V – facial sensation & muscles of mastication CN VII – facial movements CN VIII – hearing & vestibular function CN IX & X – palate, voice & swallowing CN XI – shoulder shrug & head rotation CN XII – tongue movements 6. Eye Examination General inspection of eyes & surrounding structures Visual acuity Visual fields Pupillary responses Eye movements Accommodation Cover test Red reflex Fundoscopy 7. Ear Examination General inspection & palpation Otoscopy Hearing assessment Whisper test Rinne test Weber test Relevant cranial nerve assessment Resources are from Talley O Connor's textbook, lecture and tutorial materials 2024.