Lecture summaries for BMS2021

Description

BMS2021 – Brief Content List Topic A: Regulation of Metabolism Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis Key enzymes and regulation Fed vs fasting states Glycogen Metabolism Muscle vs liver glycogen Glycogenesis & glycogenolysis Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine Enzyme Regulation Allosteric regulation Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation Enzyme synthesis, compartmentalisation & isoenzymes Amino Acid & Nitrogen Metabolism Transamination & deamination Glucose-alanine cycle Nitrogen balance Urea Cycle Ammonia removal Links with the citric acid cycle Glucogenic & Ketogenic Amino Acids Fed, Fasting & Starvation Metabolism Glycogen, gluconeogenesis & ketone bodies Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes Metabolic consequences Topic B: Cell Signalling Principles of Cell Signalling Specificity & amplification Intracellular vs intercellular signalling Types of Cell Signalling Endocrine, paracrine, synaptic & contact-dependent Hormone Signalling Peptide, amine & steroid hormones Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) Ras/MAPK pathway PI3K/Akt survival pathway Cytokine Receptors JAK/STAT pathway G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) cAMP/PKA pathway IP₃/DAG/Ca²⁺ pathway GTPase molecular switches Nuclear Receptors Type I vs Type II receptors Steroid hormone signalling Coactivators & corepressors Hormonal Feedback Cortisol/HPA axis Cushing syndrome