Property - 85% exam hypo notes

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Complete semester hypo notes for property - covers all topics. Below is table of contents: Hypotheticals .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Is there a property right? ............................................................................................................. 7 2. Possession ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Possessory title ................................................................................................................................ 7 Rule for possession ......................................................................................................................... 7 Extinguishment of possession ......................................................................................................... 8 3. Adverse possession ........................................................................................................................ 9 1 – Unregistered interests can exist in Torrens system ................................................................... 9 2 - Def: Adverse 9 2 - Def: Informal Leases (AP, tenant at will) .................................................................................. 9 3 - Adverse possession against the Crown ...................................................................................... 9 4 - Taking adverse possession ......................................................................................................... 9 Consecutive possession ............................................................................................................... 11 Stopping time ............................................................................................................................... 11 Adverse possession 11 Proving NT ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Yorta Yorta v Victoria .................................................................................................................. 14 NT Extinguishment ......................................................................................................................... 14 Compensation for NT ..................................................................................................................... 16 Specific performance ...................................................................................................................... 17 Part Performance ............................................................................................................................ 18 Proprietary Estoppel ...................................................................................................................... 19 Leasehold Estates ........................................................................................................................... 20 Security interests ............................................................................................................................ 21 Easements ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Profits ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Options ............................................................................................................................................ 25 2 : Mining interests ............................................................................................................................ 25 Topic 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 26 What is Country? ...................................................................................................................... 26 What is land? ............................................................................................................................. 26 Definition of land – interp of legislation act s 38 .......................................................................... 26 What is Country? .......................................................................................................................... 26 What is property? ..................................................................................................................... 30 Requirements of 30 Rights in rem v rights in personam ............................................................................................... 31 Yanner v Eaton ............................................................................................................................. 31 Vic Park v Taylor - No property rights in a spectacle ................................................................... 31 Yanner v Eaton (1999) 201 CLR 351 .............................................................................................. 32 Victoria Park Racing and Recreational Grounds co Ltd v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479 ................. 36 King v David Allen & Sons, Billposting Ltd (1916) 2 AC 54 .......................................................... 39 Licenses ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Types of licenses ........................................................................................................................... 41 Licenses - King v David Allen ...................................................................................................... 41 Topic 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 42 & ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Essay – How the Doctrine of Tenure has Changed (Brennan J) ................................................... 42 Essay: Mabo & possession (Toohey J) .......................................................................................... 42 Def: Doctrine of tenure ................................................................................................................. 44 Def: Doctrine of 44 Def: Doctrine of 44 Mabo – definitions ........................................................................................................................ 44 Mabo v The State of Qld (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 ...................................................................... 46 Possession, seisin and title ........................................................................................................ 54 Possession ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Purpose of possession .................................................................................................................. 54 Asher v Whitlock .......................................................................................................................... 54 Powell v McFarlane ...................................................................................................................... 55 Perry v Clissold ............................................................................................................................. 55 Asher v Whitlock (1865) LR 1 QB 1 .............................................................................................. 56 3 Perry v Clissold (1907) (Jus tertii for land case) ......................................................................... 57 doctrine of estates ...................................................................................................................... 58 Def: Doctrine of estates ............................................................................................................... 58 Def: Fee simple ............................................................................................................................ 58 Def: Life estate ............................................................................................................................. 59 Def: Leasehold estate .................................................................................................................. 59 Future interests ......................................................................................................................... 59 Def: future interests ....................................................................................................................... 60 Vested and contingent 61 Introduction to Torrens system ............................................................................................... 62 General law legal title transfer ...................................................................................................... 62 Torrens system .............................................................................................................................. 63 Essay: benefits of Torrens ............................................................................................................. 64 Topic 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 66 Consensual grants of land ........................................................................................................ 66 TLA Formalities ............................................................................................................................ 66 Adverse Possession .................................................................................................................... 67 Rule: Adverse Possession Steps .................................................................................................... 67 Rights created without documents ................................................................................................ 67 Def: Adverse Possession ............................................................................................................... 68 Def: Informal Leases (AP, tenancy at will) .................................................................................. 68 Adverse possession against the Crown ......................................................................................... 68 Taking adverse possession ............................................................................................................ 68 Consecutive possession ............................................................................................................... 69 Stopping time ............................................................................................................................... 69 Adverse possession 69 Whittlesea ..................................................................................................................................... 71 Kirk v Sutherland .......................................................................................................................... 71 Kirk v Sutherland (1949) VLR 33 ................................................................................................. 72 Whittlesea City Council v Laurice Abbatangelo (2009) VSCA 188 .............................................. 74 Essay: Rational of adverse possession ........................................................................................... 77 Topic 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 78 Public land ................................................................................................................................. 78 4 Significance of Land in ATSI Laws ......................................................................................... 79 Essay: Dark Emu ........................................................................................................................... 79 What is Native title? ...................................................................................................................... 82 Proving NT ................................................................................................................................ 84 Def: Native title holder – s 224 NTA ............................................................................................ 84 Essay: Difficulties in recognising NT ........................................................................................... 84 Milirrpum compared to Mabo (No 2) ........................................................................................... 85 Act extinguishing NT – s 227 NTA .............................................................................................. 86 Nature and content of native title under NTA ............................................................................... 86 Rule: NT structure ......................................................................................................................... 86 Rule: Proving NT .......................................................................................................................... 88 Yorta Yorta v Victoria .................................................................................................................. 89 NT Extinguishment ................................................................................................................... 89 Rule: NT Extinguishment Structure .............................................................................................. 89 Rules: Extinguishment .................................................................................................................. 93 WA v Ward (2002) 213 CLR 1 ...................................................................................................... 95 Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria (2002) 214 CLR 422, 422-423, 430-459 ............. 98 WA v Brown (2014) 253 CLR 507 .............................................................................................. 102 Compensation for NT ............................................................................................................. 105 Essay: Extinguishment ................................................................................................................ 106 Essay: Compensation .................................................................................................................. 107 Topic 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 108 Dichotomy between legal and equitable rights ..................................................................... 108 108 ESSENTIAL - Equity – operation in TS, introduction ............................................................. 109 Specific performance .................................................................................................................. 109 Rule: SP Table ............................................................................................................................ 109 SP– cases, short ........................................................................................................................... 115 Equitable interests and the Torrens system ................................................................................. 116 Barry v Heider ............................................................................................................................. 116 Part Performance .................................................................................................................... 121 Regent v Millett (1976) ............................................................................................................... 124 ANZ Banking Group Ltd v Widin (1990) .................................................................................... 125 Proprietary Estoppel .............................................................................................................. 127 5 Giumelli v Giumelli (1999) ......................................................................................................... 128 Differences between estoppel and part performance .................................................................. 130 Topic 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 132 Recap: Doctrine of estates ...................................................................................................... 132 Leasehold Estates .................................................................................................................... 133 Hypothetical scenario .................................................................................................................. 133 Rule: Leasehold Estates .............................................................................................................. 133 Hypo Mining leases: exclusive possession ................................................................................. 135 Leases – overview ...................................................................................................................... 136 Mortgages, charges and liens ................................................................................................. 140 Rule: Security Interest 140 Def: Mortgage ............................................................................................................................. 141 Differences - Security interests ................................................................................................... 141 Table: Mortgages ........................................................................................................................ 143 Liens and charges - case ........................................................................................................... 144 Native title rights and interests .............................................................................................. 145 7 Easements, profits and statutory interests ...................................................................................... 149 Hypo ............................................................................................................................................... 149 Easements ................................................................................................................................ 149 Re Ellenborough Park (1956) ..................................................................................................... 153 Clos Farming Estates v Easton (2002) ....................................................................................... 157 Profits ....................................................................................................................................... 160 Options ..................................................................................................................................... 162 Topic 7 Hypo ................................................................................................................................. 162 : Mining interests ..................................................................................................................... 163 Destruction of Juukan Gorge ...................................................................................................... 164 Essay: ‘A Way Forward’............................................................................................................. 167 Essay: Statutory interests - cultural heritage and mining ............................................................ 169 Topic 8 ................................................................................................................................................ 172 Priorities – general rule .......................................................................................................... 172 Priorities – general land law ........................................................................................................ 173 Priorities – Torrens ..................................................................................................................... 175 6 Exceptions to indefeasibility – express statutory exceptions ...................................................... 178 Perpetual trustee v Smith ............................................................................................................ 179 Common law exceptions to indefeasibility ................................................................................. 184 ESSENTIAL – setting up Indefeasibility .................................................................................... 190 Fraud – Exception ................................................................................................................... 190 exceptions - VOI ...................................................................................................................... 197 exceptions - in personam claims ............................................................................................. 197 Bahr v Nicolay (1988) ................................................................................................................. 199 Vassos v State Bank of South Australia (1993) ........................................................................... 202 Tenants in possession – statutory exception ............................................................................... 204 Adverse possession – statutory exception ................................................................................... 204 exceptions – volunteers ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Priority disputes between interests (registered and unregistered) ..................................... 205 Topic 9 ................................................................................................................................................ 206 Topic - Caveats ........................................................................................................................ 206 Caveat – definition ...................................................................................................................... 206 Caveatable interests .................................................................................................................. 207 Caveats & Priority Disputes ........................................................................................................ 208 Swanston – mere equity is not an interest in land and will not support a caveat, mortgage to be paid back ............................................................................................................................... 208 Mere equity ................................................................................................................................ 209 Criticisms of Swanston Mortgages .......................................................................................... 209 Swanston Mortgage v Trepan Investments ............................................................................ 209 Registered v unregistered interests ............................................................................................. 210 Registered v Registered interests ........................................................................................... 210 Priority notices - TLA ............................................................................................................... 210 Unregistered v unregistered ................................................................................................... 211 Postponing conduct re unregistered equitable interest disputes .......................................... 212 Mere equities v unregistered .................................................................................................. 228 Latec Investments v Hotel Terrigal ............................................................................................. 231