About this book vi
About eBookPLUS viii
Useful verbs ix
Text types x
Acknowledgements xi
1 All under control 2
1.1 Systems keeping cells alive 4
1.2 Keeping things balanced 9
1.3 Detecting change 12
1.4 Fast control! 16
1.5 Brain power 21
1.6 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Scientific research ? spinal injuries 24
1.7 Slow control 31
1.8 Hormones and reproduction 33
Looking back 37
Study checklist/Summary 39
2 Medical science 40
2.1 Catch us if you can 42
2.2 Healthy living 45
2.3 Putting up defences 50
2.4 Immunity 53
2.5 Increasing immunisation rates 57
2.6 Epidemic alert 60
2.7 Controlling fertility 65
2.8 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Reproductive technology 70
2.9 Reproduction in the news 74
Looking back 77
Study checklist/Summary 79
3 Electricity at work 80
3.1 Electric circuits 82
3.2 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Electricity at home 94
3.3 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Meeting our future electricity needs 104
Looking back 115
Study checklist/Summary 117
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
Go-Go Gadget online shop 118
4 Invisible waves 120
4.1 Waves ? carriers of energy 122
4.2 Light 132
4.3 Colour vision 140
4.4 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
The communication revolution 148
Looking back 161
Study checklist/Summary 163
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
Did you hear that? 164
5 Chemistry ? the inside story 166
5.1 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Chemical building blocks 168
5.2 All charged up! 171
5.3 Searching for patterns 175
5.4 Periodic patterns 179
5.5 Ionic compounds 182
5.6 Covalent compounds 185
5.7 Finding the right formula 187
Looking back 191
Study checklist/Summary 193
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
The mystery metal 194
6 Radioactivity: a two-edged sword 196
6.1 Pioneers of radiation 198
6.2 Radioactive isotopes 201
6.3 Radiation 205
6.4 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Helpful radiation 209
6.5 Energy from the atom 212
6.6 The dark side of radiation 216
Looking back 221
Study checklist/Summary 223
7 Chemical reactions 224
7.1 Describing chemical reactions 226
7.2 The language of chemical equations 229
7.3 Hot and cold changes 232
7.4 Acids and bases 236
7.5 Salty substances 241
7.6 Precipitation reactions 243
7.7 Metal displacement reactions 245
7.8 Reactions everywhere! 247
7.9 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Seeing the light! 251
7.10 Taking care with chemicals 254
Looking back 257
Study checklist/Summary 259
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
ChemQuiz! 260
8 The dynamic Earth 262
8.1 Continents on the move 264
8.2 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Plate tectonics 267
8.3 Rocks under pressure 271
8.4 Shake, rattle and roll! 274
8.5 Mountains of re 281
Looking back 287
Study checklist/Summary 289
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
Disaster-proof 290
9 On the move 292
9.1 How far is it? 294
9.2 Ready, set, go! 297
9.3 Speed up, slow down 303
9.4 Inertia ? Newton?s rst law 305
9.5 Acceleration and Newton?s second law 308
9.6 Forces in pairs ? Newton?s third law 311
9.7 Making cars safer 314
Looking back 317
Study checklist/Summary 319
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
Rock?n?roller-coaster 320
10 The mysterious universe 322
10.1 Stars and constellations 324
10.2 The life cycle of stars 329
10.3 The Milky Way and beyond 333
10.4 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Eyes on the skies 339
10.5 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
The evolving universe 344
Looking back 350
Study checklist/Summary 351
11 Genetics 352
11.1 It?s in the genes 354
11.2 Cell division 357
11.3 It all started with peas 362
11.4 Different in so many ways 365
11.5 DNA: the blueprint of life 369
11.6 Mutations 373
11.7 Genetics at work 376
11.8 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Manipulating DNA 380
11.9 Send in the clones 385
Looking back 388
Study checklist/Summary 391
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
The gene lab 392
12 Life goes on 394
12.1 Life has changed 396
12.2 Tracks through time 399
12.3 Analysing the fossil record 404
12.4 The theory of evolution 407
12.5 Natural selection 411
12.6 Speciation 415
12.7 Where is the evidence? 420
12.8 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
It?s all about genes 424
Looking back 427
Study checklist/Summary 429
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
Natural Selection ? the board game! 430
13 Ecology 432
13.1 Features of the local ecosystem 434
13.2 How many are left? 438
13.3 Ecosystems are solar powered 442
13.4 The fiow of energy in ecosystems 447
13.5 Cycling of materials in ecosystems 450
13.6 Keeping track of species 454
13.7 Inspired by traditional owners 457
13.8 It?s all about balance 462
13.9 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Different perspectives 467
Looking back 470
Study checklist/Summary 473
14 Global systems 474
14.1 Revisiting cycles and spheres 476
14.2 Patterns, order and organisation: climate patterns 482
14.3 Global warming 485
14.4 Heating up for Thermageddon? 490
14.5 Some cool solutions 494
14.6 Global warming ? believe it or not? 498
14.7 Ozone alert 501
14.8 Biodiversity and climate change 505
14.9 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR
Biosphere 2 509
Looking back 513
Study checklist/Summary 515
ProjectsPLUS ICT ACTIvITy
The fifty years after . . . 516
15 Student research project and
skills 518
15.1 Before you start: safety and ethics 520
15.2 Planning your investigation 524
15.3 Designing your investigation 527
15.4 Gathering and presenting first-hand data 530
15.5 Using technology: data loggers and data collection probes 534
15.6 Using technology: spreadsheets and databases 537
15.7 Writing your report 541
15.8 Sample SRP 544
Looking back 546
Glossary 549
Index 561